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There is a new party on the political arena of Ukraine.

The “Front of Changes” – FoC, will work in all Ukraine through cells which together will form all Ukrainian public organization for achievement of changes in the country. “Front of Changes” calls to take part in “To front of changes” all, who share FoC’s goals – and ready to help to incarnate them into life. This help can be varied, but the purpose for all is to make changes in the country.

As soon as these cells are formed and will gather active thinking people, they will be the foundation, which will bring to power a new generation of politicians in a new party. FoC calls before a country that must unite us and mobilize for creation of a party which is built from the ground and up.

Therefore there is a call for all the Ukrainians to join the «Front of changes».

The leader of the Front Zmin (Front for Change) public initiative, MP Arseniy Yatseniuk has made public this communiqué on their web site (http://frontzmin.org/).

«????? ????» ??????????? ? ???? ??????? ? ???? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ? ??????. ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?? «?????? ????» ????, ??? ??????? ???? ???? – ? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ? ?????. ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??????, ??? ???? ? ??? ???? – ????? ? ??????. ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????, ???? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????. ???????, ?? ?????? ????? ???????, ?????? ??? ??’?????? ?? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????, ??? ????????? ?????. ??????, ???????????? ???? ?? ???????. ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?? «?????? ????».

In order for us to understand the political foundation of the FoC, below you will find their 17 points communiqué and I have tried to translate it to English after my best ability for my English reading readers.

??????? ??????: «? ????????? ????? ????»

???? ????? ?????????? – ??? ??? ????????, ????????? ??? ??????? ????, ?????, ?????????????? ? ?????????????? ???? ????????? ? ???????????. ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ? ?????? ??????. ??? ????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? 17 ????????????? ????????.

Arseniy Yacenyuk: «I open the Front of Changes»

The purpose of our activity is to assemble all Ukrainians, regardless of their age, level, nationality and religion who are convinced of the future. The future depends on us and our choice. We must give adequate answers for 17 near-term calls.

1. ?????????? ??????????

???????? ?????????? ????????????????, ? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????, ??? ? ?? ? ???????????????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ????????.
- ??????? ??? ???? ?????????????-?????????????? ???????????. ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????, ?? ??????.
- ????????? ???????? «?????????? ????????» ??????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??? ???????? ? ???????????.
- ????? – ??, ?????????, ???????????????? ????????? ????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? – ?? ?????????? ??????.

1. Maintainance of the democracy

The level of personification of the Democracy today depends on whom and as from how high-level officials explains this fundamental value.

- Ukraine must be a parliament-presidential republic. Our state will have neither Tsar nor Tsarina.

- It is necessary to stop «Ukrainian tradition» to make alteration in Constitution under a situation and personality.

2. ????????? ??????????? ?????

?? ????? ???????????, ?? ????, ?? ???? ???????, ?, ?????????, ????????? ??????. ???? ???? ????????? ? ????? ?????????-?????????, ????????? ?? ???????.
???????????? ????? ? ????????? ?????:
- ???????? ?????????? ?????.
- ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???????.
- ????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????.
- ?? ????????? ?????? ???????????.

2. Overcoming the economic crisis

This crisis is measured, unfortunately, not only by numbers, and, foremost, by human stakes. It can outgrow in a social and political, cultural and spiritual crisis.

Near-term steps to overcome crises are:

- To create an internal market.

- To overcome import dependence of Ukraine.

- To halt political and social fireworks due to the state budget in order to please politicians and frank economic lie.

- Not to delay any more and begin to work.

3. ?????????? ???????????? ????

???????? ? ??????? «????????» ???????? ? ???? ????, ??? ??? ????????? ? ????????????.
????????? ??????????? ???? – ??:
- ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????????, ?????? ???, ?? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????.
- ??????, ??? ??? ?? ?? ????, ? ??????, ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????, ?? ????, ???? ???? ???? ?????????.
- ?????????? ???? ?? ????????, ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????.

3. Forming a National Idea

is today in each  at large, a policy where the idea equates with the national.

In actual fact the National idea – is:

- Strong state and conscious citizen, proud that he has the Ukrainian passport.

- Family which has for what to live, and child which has for what to study, and knows, where it will go to work.

- Maintenance of language and culture, comprehension past and reflections about the modern aspects.

4. ?????????? ? ??????????? ????????????? ????????

?? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???????????, ???? ? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????.
???? ???????? – ???????? ????? ??? ????, ??? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ???????.
- ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????, ? ?????????? ??????, ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ? ??? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????.
- ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????. ????? ? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ? ???? ???????????? ? ??????.
- ??????? ??????? ????????? ? ????????? – ????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????????. ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ? ?????????????? ? ????????? ????? ??????.

4. Maintenance and increase of the national capital

For years an independent Ukraine and a national capital were formed, though history of its forming was different.

Our task is to create terms in order that we can work on our state.

- It is needed to save not the oligarchs, but Ukrainian assets which influence the economy and which enable the work of hundreds of thousands of people.

- Capital must have equal terms. No businessmen can prevail and be a monopolist in the country.

- Basic rule of conduct with a capital should be to be gently to cherish and hard regulated. Only then will we be able to develop and multiply in interests of entire country.

5. ???? ? ???????? ???????????? ????????? – ?? ?????

????? – ?? ?????? ?????? ? ?????, ???? ?? ?????????????. ?? ???????? ??? ??????? – ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????.
???? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????, ??? ? ??????? ??????? ???????:
- ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????? ? ???? ?? ??????????? ????????????.
- ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????.
- ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????, ? ???? ? ??????? ????? ?? ??????.
??? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????-??????? ?????.
- ????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ?????????????? – ??? ?? ???????? ??????????.

5. One of the main national capital values is the land

The land is the unique resource in the world, which does not recommence. How to save this capital is another call for the Ukrainian state.

Therefore we are for the removal of moratorium on land, but with clear 4 conditions:

- An observance of the having a special purpose setting of land and forced exception of earth is in the case of its targeted use.

- The proprietors of Ukrainian earth can only be residents of Ukraine.

- It is only possible to sell state lannd, and only in the states it is possible to purchase it.

For this purpose it is necessary to create a state agent for the market of buyers and sellers of land.

- A limit of volume of property which is in one person hand, straight or mediated –, not to create landlords.

6. ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????

??????????? ???? ? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????.
??????? ????????? ?????:
- ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????, ? ?? ?????? ???????.
- ?????? ??????? ???? ?????, ? ?? ???? ??????? ??????.
- ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????, ????????? ??? ?? ??????????????, ???? ?? ????????.
- ??? ??????????? ?????????, ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????, ? ?? ???? ??????? ???????.
- ????? ??????? ??????? ? ???????????? ???????????.

6. Forming of modern political nation

Make the national idea and national capital become the prime soil for creation of a political nation.

Conscious political nation:

- Perceives Ukraine not as territory, but as the strong state.

- Able to elect to itself power, but not to be select power.

- Able to change this power and build the strong state for a man, regardless of its nationality, language and confession.

- Has the formed world view which represents interests of all society, but not only for himself.

- Build the legal state and civil society.

7. ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????

???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? – ?? ?????, ????????????, ?????, ?????? ?? ??????.
????, ?? ???????, ??? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ???????????. ??? ?????? ?? ????? ? ???????. ? ?????? ???????, ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????:
- ??????? ??????? ??????? – ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ????.
- ????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????????.
- ??????????? ???????????????? ????????? ????? ?????????.

7. Balance in the Ukrainian power system

Today basic elements of the Ukrainian policy are plots, Visantisianism, treasons, cynicism and lie.

They are as a tumor which with every year grows and infects our society. But there are rules even in a war. There are simple recipes, to prevent growth of these tumors:

- To change the electoral system – to inculcate the opened lists on elections in Verkhovna Rada.

- To take away deputy immunity.

- To inculcate responsibility of deputies before the electors.

8. ????? ?????????? ?????

- ???????? ? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????, ??? ? ??????. ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?? ??????????????, ? ?? ???????????.
- ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???, ??? ?? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ??????, ? ?? ????????????????? ??????? – ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????.

8. Change of political elite

- To methodize authorities of not only youths but also the best. Create a real command of conscious Ukrainians not by nationality, but after calling.

- Forming a new political force, this will not be the charisma club of one leader. New parties, but not polytechnological projects are a way to the change the elite.

9. ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????

??????? ???????? ?????, ?????????? ?????????????, ?? ?????? ???????? ? ????????? ?????????, ???????????, ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????.
????????? ??????????:
- ??????? ????? ????????? ??????, ?? ???? ?????????, ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????.
- ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????.

9. Forming a layer of professional state management

The State needs new, professionally geared-up, with fresh vision and modern approaches, management, on all stages of government service.

It is necessary to form:

- A middle link of government service which will be permanent, regardless of political colors or events.

- A professional skilled reserve of government service.

10. ??????? ??????

????? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????????.
????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????. ??????? 20% ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????. ?? ?????:
- ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??????????, ??? ? ?????????.
- ??????? ???????????? ? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ????????.
- ???????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ? ????????? ??????????? ?????????.
- ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????.

10. Modern education

The nation does not have the Nobel laureates.

There is not a single Ukrainian higher educational establishment which is brought to the international ratings. Close to 20% of the graduating students can not find work within its area of specialist background.

We have:

- To revive domestic education through the increase of professionalism of both teachers and students.

- To change financing and accreditations of higher educational establishments.

- To co-ordinate maintenance of education with realities and necessities of the Ukrainian economy.

- To adapt introduction of Bologonskogo process to conformed to Ukrainian realities.

11. ??????? ??????????????

- ? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????????.
- ?? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????.
- ???????? ???????: «???? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????».

11. Freedom of religion

- In the spiritual world of man nobody has the authority to interfere.

- It is impossible to assume political pressure on a church and political influence of church as such.

- Basic principle: « Keep a close love to it and respect his confession».

12. ???? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??????????

- ??????? ??? ???????? ?????, ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ???????????, ??????????, ?????????, ?????????, ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????.

12. The language must not be the article of political speculation

- The state must create terms, in order for the Ukrainians to be able to freely study and use, Russian, German, Polish, French and other English languages which consider the native or want to seize.

13. ??????? ?? ??????? ??????’? ?????????
????????? ??????? – ????? ??????, ??????? ? ??????? ???????, ? ????? ???????? ?? ??????.
- ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????????????, ????? ???? ?????????, ?? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ? ???????? ????????????.
- ????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????.
??????????? ???? ? ? ?????????? ?????????.
- ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????????. ???? ???? ??????, ?? ??????, ??? ?????? ? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????.

13. Spiritual and physical health of Ukrainians

Tendencies are terrible – nation gets older, physically and weakens spiritually, and the best ones migrate out of the country.

- Ukraine needs system changes in medical service, through new standards, and introductions of protocols of treatment, connected with medical insurance.

- It is necessary to revive prophylactic medicine.

Analogical state and with cultural development.

- A hungry family will not sustain itself with classic music and modern literature. It thinks on how to survive, more so in the days of today’s global economic crisis.

14. ??????????? ?????

- ?? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????.
- ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ????????????, ? ??????????? ?????. ??????????? ????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ????????, ?? ??? ???????, ??? ? ??? ???????? ???????????.
- ???? ?? ????????????? ????? ??????? ? ????????. ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????. ??????? ?? ??? ?????????, ?? ????? ?????????.
- ?????????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????, ?? ? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ???????. ?? ?????? ????????????? ? ?????, ????? ???, ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?????.
- ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????????? ????????? ???????? – ???????? ? ?????????? ??????????.
- ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ? ????? ????????????? ??????????????.

14. Ukrainian choice

- We will not get external confession without internal changes.

- Therefore we do not offer a European, but a Ukrainian choice. Make a Ukrainian choice of values and national interest, both for the state and for the individual citizen.

- The way to the European Union is distant and protracted. But on this way we must be interesting in each other. Ukraine must not be asked, it must invite.

- The Ukrainian presence abroad must be everywhere, where Ukrainian economic and political interest is. We will co-operate with all, except for those, who finances terrorism and diffuses a nuclear weapon.

- We must overcome a base problem in the Ukrainian foreign policy with relationships with Russian Federation.

- Ukraine must go out on the absolutely new level of socializing with new American Administration.

15. ????????? ????????????? ????? ????

- ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????, ?? ?????? ?? ???.
- ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????.
- ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????, ???? ?????? ???????????.
- ???? ???????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????????.

15. Creation of the National plan of changes

- Changes can not come in one day, or even during one year.

- These changes one man can not do alone.

- But if we together will have a clear goal of these changes, they will be effective.

- Therefore the National plan of changes will be formed and realized jointly by all Ukrainians.

16. ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????

?????? ???????, ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ?????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????, ??????????, ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????????.
???????, ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ? ???, ???????? ??? ??, ?? ????????? ????? ???.
- ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????. ??????????? ?????, ? ?? ???????? ????????????????, ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????.
- ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????, ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????????.

16. Today to the country necessary changes

We must acknowledge that all of us and until now live in the post Soviet system of economic, political, social and mental co-ordinates.

Calls which appeared today before the state and each of us talk that change are needed to it all.

- Today to the country is in need of changes, cardinal changes, but not ordinary preformatted changes which we have lived by the last seventeen years.

- Having strong historical foundation, we must build the strong walls of the Ukrainian state system.

17. ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????

- ????????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????, ??? ???’?????? ???? ??????? ? ?????????? ?? ????????.
- ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ? ??????, ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ? ???? ???????? ????. ? ???????????? ?????????? ? ??????, ??? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???????, ? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????????????.
- ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? “????? ????”. ???? ?? ?? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ? ??????????? ????? ? ???????? ????????. ? ?????????, ?? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????. ??????, ????????? ?????. ??????, ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????.

17. Only together we will give effective answers for the calls of our time

- Independently will not do much. But millions of Ukrainians, which remember the history and are ill for the future, should go alongside.

- After my journeys on regions and meetings with people, I felt a public request for a new format. I will move further. I will try to meet with each, who share an interest to the future of Ukraine, and will search ideological supporters.

- For this reason Arseniy Yacenyuk begins initiative “Front of changes”. So far it is not a party. But already there are initiative groups in many areas. I am sure that the result of this initiative will be a party. A party, built from below. This is a party which does not have shareholders and leader.

This report identifies the sectors with the industry’s most important developments related to patient care, clinical outcomes, and new product development. While the scope of the report is limited to the top ten technologies only, it covers almost the entire medical device market. Scientific and medical technology breakthroughs – such as minimally invasive surgery (MIS) – have accelerated the accuracy of clinical outcomes and have also reduced recovery times and the medical costs borne by patients. This has led to radical transformation in patient care. IT integration in medical imaging and medical devices has given a significant boost to the healthcare industry, a trend that is apparent in the market growth of drug eluting stents and telemedicine technologies. The markets covered in the report have a current potential of $454.3 billion and are expected to grow at a CAGR of 9.8% between 2009 and 2014. ( http://www.bharatbook.com/Market-Research-Reports/Top-10-Medical-Device-Technology.html )

Market estimates and forecast:
The report provides in-depth market estimates and forecast for top ten medical device technologies as follows:
• Diagnostic imaging (nuclear imaging, interventional radiology, capsule endoscopy and others)
• Drug delivery (needle free injections, transdermal systems, inhalation system, infusion system)
• Molecular diagnostics (biosensors, proteomics, nanotechnology, and others)
• Mobility aid technologies
• Minimal/non-invasive surgery (stents, bariatric surgery, medical robotics and others)
• Micro-fluids and MEMS (Miniature medical pressure sensors, bio chips, protein chips)
• Non-invasive monitoring (continuous blood glucose monitoring)
• Biomaterials (bionic limbs, joint replacement, antimicrobial wound dressing and others)
• Bio-implants (neurostimulation and others)
• Tele-medicines

Each section will provide market data, market drivers, trends and opportunities, top-selling products, key players, and competitive outlook. This report will also provide more than 100 market tables for various geographic regions covering the sub-segments and micro-markets. In addition, the report also provides 50 company profiles for each of its sub-segments.

What makes our reports unique?
• We provide the longest market segmentation chain in this industry- not many reports provide market breakdown upto level 5.
• Each report is about 250 pages with 100+ market data tables, 40 competitive company profiles, analysis of 300 patents and minimum 50 micro markets, which are collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive.
• No single report by any other publisher provides market data for all the segments viz products, services, applications, ingredients, technology, and stakeholders in a single report for all the four geographies – US, Europe, APAC, ROW.
• We provide 10% customization – Research shows that more than 40% of the times, clients do not get the specific intelligence they need in multi-client market research reports. We offer 10% customization in our reports at no extra cost. Get the exact market intelligence you require with real value for money.
• 15 pages of high level analysis including benchmarking strategies, best practices and the market’s cash cows (BCG matrix). We conduct detailed market positioning, product positioning and competitive positioning. Entry strategies, gaps and opportunities are identified for all the stakeholders.
• Comprehensive market analysis for pharmaceutical and biotech companies, medical device manufacturers, pharma-research labs, doctors, physicians and hospitals, medical/pharma associations, retailers and super-retailers, technology providers, and research and development (R&D) companies.

Contact us at :

Bharat Book Bureau
Tel: +91 22 27578668
Fax: +91 22 27579131
Email: info@bharatbook.com
Website: www.bharatbook.com
Blog: http://bharatbookresearch.blogspot.com

Technological innovations in the medical device industry have led to a radical transformation in patient care. This report identifies the sectors with the industry’s most important developments related to patient care, clinical outcomes, and new product development. While the scope of the report is limited to the top ten technologies only, it covers almost the entire medical device market.

Scientific and medical technology breakthroughs – such as minimally invasive surgery (MIS) – have accelerated the accuracy of clinical outcomes and have also reduced recovery times and the medical costs borne by patients. This has led to radical transformation in patient care.

IT integration in medical imaging and medical devices has given a significant boost to the healthcare industry, a trend that is apparent in the market growth of drug eluting stents and telemedicine technologies. The markets covered in the report have a current potential of $454.3 billion and are expected to grow at a CAGR of 9.8% between 2009 and 2014.

Market estimates and forecast
The report provides in-depth market estimates and forecast for top ten medical device technologies as follows:
• Diagnostic imaging (nuclear imaging, interventional radiology, capsule endoscopy and others)
• Drug delivery (needle free injections, transdermal systems, inhalation system, infusion system)
• Molecular diagnostics (biosensors, proteomics, nanotechnology, and others)
• Mobility aid technologies
• Minimal/non-invasive surgery (stents, bariatric surgery, medical robotics and others)
• Micro-fluids and MEMS (Miniature medical pressure sensors, bio chips, protein chips)
• Non-invasive monitoring (continuous blood glucose monitoring)
• Biomaterials (bionic limbs, joint replacement, antimicrobial wound dressing and others)
• Bio-implants (neurostimulation and others)
• Tele-medicines

Each section will provide market data, market drivers, trends and opportunities, top-selling products, key players, and competitive outlook. This report will also provide more than 100 market tables for various geographic regions covering the sub-segments and micro-markets. In addition, the report also provides 50 company profiles for each of its sub-segments.

What makes our reports unique?
• We provide the longest market segmentation chain in this industry- not many reports provide market breakdown upto level 5.
• Each report is about 250 pages with 100+ market data tables, 40 competitive company profiles, analysis of 300 patents and minimum 50 micro markets, which are collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive.
• No single report by any other publisher provides market data for all the segments viz products, services, applications, ingredients, technology, and stakeholders in a single report for all the four geographies – US, Europe, APAC, ROW.
• We provide 10% customization – Research shows that more than 40% of the times, clients do not get the specific intelligence they need in multi-client market research reports. We offer 10% customization in our reports at no extra cost. Get the exact market intelligence you require with real value for money.
• 15 pages of high level analysis including benchmarking strategies, best practices and the market’s cash cows (BCG matrix). We conduct detailed market positioning, product positioning and competitive positioning. Entry strategies, gaps and opportunities are identified for all the stakeholders.
• Comprehensive market analysis for pharmaceutical and biotech companies, medical device manufacturers, pharma-research labs, doctors, physicians and hospitals, medical/pharma associations, retailers and super-retailers, technology providers, and research and development (R&D) companies.

Key questions answered
• Which are the high-growth segments/cash cows and how is the market segmented in terms of applications, products, services, ingredients, technologies, and stakeholders?
• What are market estimates and forecasts; which markets are doing well and which are not?
• Where are the gaps and opportunities; what is driving the market?
• Which are the key playing fields? Which are the winning edge imperatives?
• How is the competitive outlook; who are the main players in each of the segments; what are the key selling products; what are their strategic directives, operational strengths and product pipelines? Who is doing what?

Powerful Research and Analysis
The analysts working come from renowned publishers and market research firms, globally, adding their expertise and domain understanding. We get the facts from over 22,000 news and information sources, a huge database of key industry participants and draw on our relationships with more than 900 market research companies across the world. We are inspired to help our clients grow by providing qualitative business insights with our huge market intelligence repository.

For more information, please visit :

http://www.aarkstore.com/reports/Top-10-Medical-Device-Technology-27527.html

Or email us at press@aarkstore.com or call +919272852585

By S.Venkatesan, M.E., M.I.S.T.E., Research Scholar/CSE, Anna University, Coimbatore.

 and

Dr.M.Karnan, M.E., Ph.D., Professor and head, Tamil Nadu College of Engineering, Coimbatore.

 ABSTRACT: Increased automation is a key for desired increased production. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Processes and systems can also be automated. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the global economy and in daily experience. Engineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications and human activities. Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie beyond the scope of automation. Human-level pattern recognition, language recognition, and language production ability are well beyond the capabilities of modern mechanical and computer systems. In this presentation we are about to have an overview of industrial automation concepts like computer integrated manufacturing, flexible manufacturing systems, industrial robots, artificial intelligence, advanced automatic material handling systems etc…

INTRODUCTION: AUTOMATION It is the process of following sequence of operations with little or no human labour, using specialized equipment and devices that perform and control manufacturing processes. (OR) Automation is the use of control systems (such as numerical control, programmable logic control, and other industrial control systems), in concert with other applications of information technology (such as computer-aided technologies [CAD, CAM), to control industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for human intervention. TYPES: Partial automation Full automation MECHANISATION: The mechanization can be defined in its simplest sense as the transfer of skills and manual activities to machine operations.

 AIMS OF AUTOMATION: TO IMPROVE PRODUCT QUALITY TO REDUCE LABOUR COST TO IMPROVE WORK SAFETY TO REDUCE MANUFACTURING LEAD TIME TO AVOID THE HIGH COST OF NOT AUTOMATING Advantages:

The main advantage of automation is: Replacing human operators in tedious tasks. Replacing humans in tasks that should be done in dangerous environments (i.e. fire, space, volcanoes, nuclear facilities, under the water, etc) Making tasks that are beyond the human capabilities such as handling too heavy loads, too large objects, too hot or too cold substances or the requirement to make things too fast or too slow. Economy improvement. Sometimes and some kinds of automation implies improves in economy of enterprises, society or most of humankind. For example, when an enterprise that has invested in automation technology recovers its investment; when a state or country increases its income due to automation like Germany or Japan in the 20th Century or when the humankind can use the internet which in turn use satellites and other automated engines. Disadvantages The main disadvantages of automation are:

Technology limits. Current technology is unable to automate all the desired tasks. Unpredictable development costs. The research and development cost of automating a process is difficult to predict accurately beforehand. Since this cost can have a large impact on profitability, it’s possible to finish automating a process only to discover that there’s no economic advantage in doing so. Initial costs are relatively high. The automation of a new product required a huge initial investment in comparison with the unit cost of the product, although the cost of automation is spread in many product batches. The automation of a plant required a great initial investment too, although this cost is spread in the products to be produced. Automation tools Different types of automation tools exist: ANN – Artificial neural network DCS – Distributed Control System HMI – Human Machine Interface SCADA – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition PAC – Programmable Automation Controller Instrumentation Motion control Robotics P PLC – Programmable Logic Controller PLC: A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes,s such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and machines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-backed or non-volatile memory.

A PLC is an example of a real time system since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time, otherwise unintended operation will result. SCADA stands for supervisory control and data acquisition. It generally refers to an industrial control system: a computer system monitoring and controlling a process. The process can be industrial, infrastructure or facility-based as described as Industrial processes include those of manufacturing, production, power generation, fabrication, and refining, and may run in continuous, batch, repetitive, or discrete modes. Infrastructure processes may be public or private, and include water treatment and distribution, wastewater collection and treatment, oil and gas pipelines, electrical power transmission and distribution, civil defense siren systems, and large communication systems. Facility processes occur both in public facilities and private ones, including buildings, airports, ships, and space stations. They monitor and control HVAC, access, and energy consumption.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) in engineering is a method of manufacturing in which the entire production process is controlled by computer. The traditionaly separated process methods are joined through a computer by CIM. This integration allows the processes to exchange information with each other and enable them to initiate actions. Through this integration, manufacturing can be faster and with fewer errors. Yet, the main advantage is the ability to create automated manufacturing processes. Typically CIM relies on closed-loop control processes, based on real-time input from sensors. It is also known as flexible design and manufacturing. Overview The term “Computer Integrated Manufacturing” is both a method of manufacturing and the name of a computer-automated system in which individual engineering, production, marketing, and support functions of a manufacturing enterprise are organized. In a CIM system functional areas such as design, analysis, planning, purchasing, cost accounting, inventory control, and distribution are linked through the computer with factory floor functions such as materials handling and management, providing direct control and monitoring of all process operations. As method of manufacturing, three components distinguish CIM from other manufacturing Methodologies: Means for data storage, retrieval, manipulation and presentation; Mechanisms for sensing state and modifying processes; Algorithms for uniting the data processing component with the sensor/modification component. CIM is an example of the implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in manufacturing.

 CIM implies that there are at least two computers exchanging information, e.g. the controller of a arm robot and a microcontroller of a CNC machine. Some factors involved when considering a CIM implementation are the production volume, the experience of the company or personnel to make the integration, the level of the integration into the product itself and the integration of the production processes. CIM is most useful where a high level of ICT is used in the company or facility, such as CAD/CAM systems, the availability of process planning and its data. Although none of what this says is correct. History: The idea of “Digital Manufacturing” was prominent the 1980s, when Computer Integrated Manufacturing was developed and promoted by machine tool manufacturers and the Computer and Automated Systems Association and Society of Manufacturing Engineers (CASA/SME). “CIM is the integration of total manufacturing enterprise by using integrated systems and data communication coupled with new managerial philosophies that improve organizational and personnel efficiency.” ERHUM Computer Integrated manufacturing topics – Key Challenges There are three major challenges to development of a smoothly operating Computer Integrated Manufacturing system: Integration of components from different suppliers: When different machines, such as CNC, conveyors and robots, are using different communications protocols. In the case of AGVs, even differing lengths of time for charging the batteries may cause problems.

Data integrity: The higher the degree of automation, the more critical is the integrity of the data used to control the machines. While the CIM system saves on labor of operating the machines, it requires extra human labor in ensuring that there are proper safeguards for the data signals that are used to control the machines. Process control: Computers may be used to assist the human operators of the manufacturing facility, but there must always be a competent engineer on hand to handle circumstances which could not be foreseen by the designers of the control software. Subsystems in Computer Integrated Manufacturing A Computer Integrated Manufacturing system is not the same as a “lights out” factory, which would run completely independent of human intervention, although it is a big step in that direction. Part of the system involves flexible manufacturing, where the factory can be quickly modified to produce different products, or where the volume of products can be changed quickly with the aid of computers.

Some or all of the following subsystems may be found in a CIM operation: Computer-aided techniques: CAD (Computer Aided Design) CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) CAPP (Computer Aided Process Planning) CAQ (Computer-aided quality assurance) PPC (Production planning and control) ERP (Enterprise resource planning) A business system integrated by a common database. Devices and equipment required: CNC, Computer numerical control machine tools DNC, Direct numerical control machine tools PLC’s, Programmable logic controllers Robotics Computers Software Controllers Networks Interfacing Monitoring equipment Technologies: FMS, (Flexible manufacturing system) ASRS, automated storage and retrieval systems AGV, automated guided vehicles Robotics Automated conveyance systems An industrial robot is officially defined by ISO as an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes. The field of robotics may be more practically defined as the study, design and use of robot systems for manufacturing (a top-level definition relying on the prior definition of robot). Typical applications of robots include welding, painting, assembly, pick and place, packaging and palletizing, product inspection, and testing, all accomplished with high endurance, speed, and precision.

A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a manufacturing system in which there is some amount of flexibility that allows the system to react in the case of changes, whether predicted or unpredicted. This flexibility is generally considered to fall into two categories, which both contain numerous subcategories. The first category, machine flexibility, covers the system’s ability to be changed to produce new product types, and ability to change the order of operations executed on a part. The second category is called routing flexibility, which consists of the ability to use multiple machines to perform the same operation on a part, as well as the system’s ability to absorb large-scale changes, such as in volume, capacity, or capability. Most FMS systems comprise of three main systems. The work machines which are often automated CNC machines are connected by a material handling system to optimize parts flow and the central control computer which controls material movements and machine flow. The main advantages of an FMS are its high flexibility in managing manufacturing resources like time and effort in order to manufacture a new product. The best application of an FMS is found in the production of small sets of products like those from a mass production.

A flexible manufacturing system combines the benefits of highly automated and controlled systems – Accuracy – Mass production with the benefits of versatile, adjustable Systems – Flexibility – Uniqueness of product A comprehensive description of a Flexible Manufacturing System follows here: The Manufacturing Cell A flexible manufacturing cell (FMC) consists of two or more CNC machines, a cell computer and a robot. The cell computer (typically a programmable logic controller) is interfaced with the microprocessors of the robot and the CNCs. The Cell Controller The functions of the cell controller include work load balancing, part scheduling, and material flow control. The supervision and coordination among the various operations in a manufacturing cell is also performed by the cell computer. The software includes features permitting the handling of machine breakdown, tool breakage and other special situations. The Cell Robot In many applications, the cell robot also performs tool changing and housekeeping functions such as chip removal, staging of tools in the tool changer, and inspection of tools for breakage or expressive wear. When necessary, the robot can also initiate emergency procedures such as system shut-down. Parker-Hannifin Corporation, Forrest City, NC.

The Flexible Manufacturing System – FMS The flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a configuration of computer-managed numerical work stations where materials are automatically handled and machine loaded. The flexible manufacturing system is principally used in mid-volume (200 to 30,000 parts per year) mid-variety (5 to 155 part types) production. Flexible Manufacturing System Components-Two or more computer-managed numerical work stations that perform a series of operations; An integrated material transport system and a computer that controls the flow of materials, tools, and information (e.g. machining data and machine malfunctions) throughout the system; Auxiliary work stations for loading and unloading, cleaning, inspection, etc. Flexible Manufacturing System Goals Reduction in manufacturing cost by lowering direct labor cost and minimizing scrap, re-work, and material wastage. Less skilled labor required. Reduction in work-in-process inventory by eliminating the need for batch processing Reductions in production lead time permitting manufacturers to respond more quickly to the variability of market demand Better process control resulting in consistent quality.

Different FMSs levels are: Flexible Manufacturing Module (FMM). Example: a NC machine, a pallet changer and a part buffer; Flexible Manufacturing (Assembly) Cell (F (M/A) C). Example: Four FMMs and an AGV (automated guided vehicle); Flexible Manufacturing Group (FMG). Example : Two FMCs, a FMM and two AGVs which will transport parts from a Part Loading area, through machines, to a Part Unloading Area; Flexible Production Systems (FPS). Example: A FMG and a FAC, two AGVs, an Automated Tool Storage, and an Automated Part/assembly Storage; Flexible Manufacturing Line (FML). Example: multiple stations in a line layout and AGVs. Advantages and disadvantages of FMSs implementation Advantages Faster, lower- cost changes from one part to another which will improve capital utilization Lower direct labor cost, due to the reduction in number of workers Reduced inventory, due to the planning and programming precision Consistent and better quality, due to the automated control Lower cost/unit of output, due to the greater productivity using the same number of workers Savings from the indirect labor, from reduced errors, rework, repairs and rejects Disadvantages Limited ability to adapt to changes in product or product mix (ex. machines are of limited capacity and the tooling necessary for products, even of the same family, is not always feasible in a given FMS) Substantial pre-planning activity Expensive, costing millions of dollars Technological problems of exact component positioning and precise timing necessary to process a component Sophisticated manufacturing systems FMSs complexity and cost are reasons for their slow acceptance by industry.

 In most of the cases FMCs are favored. An automated guided vehicle or automatic guided vehicle (AGV) is a mobile robot that follows markers or wires in the floor, or uses vision or lasers. They are most often used in industrial applications to move materials around a manufacturing facility or a warehouse. Application of the automatic guided vehicle has broadened during the late 20th century and they are no longer restricted to industrial environments. Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) increase efficiency and reduce costs by helping to automate a manufacturing facility or warehouse. AGVs can carry loads or tow objects behind them in trailers to which they can autonomously attach. The trailers can be used to move raw materials or finished product. The AGV can also store objects on a bed. The objects can be placed on a set of motorized rollers (conveyor) and then pushed off by reversing them. Some AGVs use fork lifts to lift objects for storage. AGVs are employed in nearly every industry, including, pulp, paper, metals, newspaper, and general manufacturing. Transporting materials such as food, linen or medicine in hospitals is also done. Common AGV Applications Automated Guided Vehicles can be used in a wide variety of applications to transport many different types of material including pallets, rolls, racks, carts, and containers. AGVs excel in applications with the following characteristics: Repetitive movement of materials over a distance Regular delivery of stable loads Medium throughput/volume When on-time delivery is critical and late deliveries are causing inefficiency Operations with at least two shifts Processes where tracking material is important Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science which aims to create it.

Textbooks define the field as “the study and design of intelligent agents,” where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” The field was founded on the claim that a central property of humans, intelligence—the sapience of Homo sapiens—can be so precisely described that it can be simulated by a machine. This raises philosophical issues about the nature of the mind and limits of scientific hubris, issues which have been addressed by myth, fiction and philosophy since antiquity. Artificial intelligence has been the subject of optimism, but has also suffered setbacks and, today, has become an essential part of the technology industry, providing the heavy lifting for many of the most difficult problems in computer science. AI research is highly technical and specialized, deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. Subfields have grown up around particular institutions, the work of individual researchers, the solution of specific problems, longstanding differences of opinion about how AI should be done and the application of widely differing tools. The central problems of AI include such traits as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence (or “strong AI”) is still a long-term goal of (some) research. Obotic Automation: Material Handling Processes Material handling is the broadest category of applications that involves moving, selecting or packing products. Material handling robots are used to move, feed or disengage parts or tools to or from a location, or to transfer parts from one machine to another. Material Handling Processes Pick and Place Dispensing Palletizing Packaging Part Transfer Machine Loading Assembly Material Removal Order Picking A variation of a material handling robot is used to build and unload units on a pallet. Manufacturing companies throughout the world are implementing material handling robots because of they are faster, more accurate and efficient.

They offer unmatched quality and Repeatability. Palletizing and Material Handling: Palletizing is the act of loading or unloading material onto pallets. The newspaper industry has been particularly hard hit by increased labor costs. Part of the solution to this problem was to use robots like Cincinnati Milacron Robot being used to palletize advertising inserts for a newspaper. Many companies in the United States and Canada have been forced to close in such areas as die casting and injection molding because they could not compete with foreign firms. The introduction of robotics into this process has allowed the same companies to remain viable. In semiconductor industry’s IC chip manufacturing facilities; various processes take place within a clean room. This requires that personnel as well as robots not introduce dirt, dust, or oil into the area. Since robots do not breath, sneeze, or have dandruff, they are especially suited to the clean room environment demanded by the semiconductor industry. At first glance, automation might appear to devalue labor through its replacement with less-expensive machines; however, the overall effect of this on the workforce as a whole remains unclear.

Conclusion

Today automation of the workforce is quite advanced, and continues to advance increasingly more rapidly throughout the world and is encroaching on ever more skilled jobs, yet during the same period the general well-being and quality of life of most people in the world (where political factors have not muddied the picture) have improved dramatically. Currently, for manufacturing companies, the purpose of automation has shifted from increasing productivity and reducing costs, to broader issues, such as increasing quality and flexibility in the manufacturing process. The old focus on using automation simply to increase productivity and reduce costs was seen to be short-sighted, because it is also necessary to provide a skilled workforce who can make repairs and manage the machinery. Moreover, the initial costs of automation were high and often could not be recovered by the time entirely new manufacturing processes replaced the old. (Japan’s “robot junkyards” were once world famous in the manufacturing industry.) Automation is now often applied primarily to increase quality in the manufacturing process, where automation can increase quality substantially.

 Boron is not present in nature in elemental form. It is found combined in borax, boric acid, kernite, ulexite, colemanite and borates. Volcanic spring waters sometime contain boric acids. Boron is an element that occurs in the environment mainly through natural processes. Seawater contains approximately 4-5 ppm of this element. River water generally contains only 10 ppb. In seaweed 8-15 ppm and in mussels 4-5 ppm (dry mass) of boron was found. Boron dissolved in water occurs as B(OH)3 (aq) or B(OH)4- (aq). Under normal circumstances boron does not react with water. However, some boron compounds may do so. For example, the boron trifluoride ethyl ether complex reacts with water, forming diethyl ether- BF3, and releasing some highly flammable gases. A number of boron compounds, such as boron tri iodide, are hydrolysed in water. Boron salts are generally well water soluble. Boric acid has a water solubility of 57 g/L, borax of 25.2 g/L, and boron trioxide of 22 g/L. Boron trifluoride is the least water soluble boron compound, with a water solubility of 2.4 g/L. Some boron compounds, such as boron nitrite are completely water insoluble.

The most abundant minerals containing boron are kernite, borax, ulexite and colemanite. It can also be found in slate and in loam rich rock formations. Air-tight soil contains boron concentrations of between 5 and 80 ppm. Boron rich places, such as fumaroles, contain boric acid, borates and boron minerals. The degree of binding to clay minerals is mainly pH-dependent. Boron is released from rocks and soils through weathering, and subsequently ends up in water. In industry the pure element is rarely used, except for metal boride production, or to improve aluminum conductivity. Metal borides are processed to for instance turbines, rocket power, containers for high-temperature reactions, and electrodes. The hardness of steel is enhanced by adding boron.

Sodium perborate is applied as bleach in detergents. This eventually forms borate, which directly damages water plants. Borates are applied as water softeners. Other boron compounds are applied in glass, glass fibre, ceramic and email production. Glass is more solid and heat resistant when boron is added, and glass fibres are applied as insulation. Boron compounds may also be found in cleansing agents, batteries, illegal preservatives, and eye drops. The most important compounds in this respect are borax, boron oxide and boric acid. Boric acid and borax are added to fertilizers and pesticides in large amounts. The element is also present in impregnation and wood preservatives. It is applied as an abrasive as boron carbide and boron nitrite. Boron has a special function in a polymer matrix. It is applied to regulate nuclear reactors as a cooling agent in dangerous situations. It also absorbs neutrons in the reactor core. Boron often ends up in soil and groundwater through domestic landfills, when these are inadequately sealed. It serves as a typical indicator compound that indicates the presence of other hazardous substances.

It occurs naturally in the environment due to the release into air, soil and water through weathering. It may also occur in groundwater in very small amounts. Humans add boron by manufacturing glass, combusting coal, melting copper and through the addition of agricultural fertilizers. The concentrations of boron that are added by humans are smaller that the naturally added concentrations through natural weathering. Boron exposure through air and drinking water is not very likely to occur, but the risk of exposure to borate dust in the workplace does exist. Boron exposure may also occur from consumer products such as cosmetics and laundry products. Plants absorb boron from the ground and through plant-consuming animals it can end up in food chains. Boron has been found in animal tissue, but it is not likely to accumulate. When animals absorb large amounts of boron over a relatively long period of time through food or water the male reproductive organs will be affected. When animals are exposed to boron during pregnancy their offspring may suffer from birth defects or delayed development. Furthermore, animals are likely to suffer from nose irritation when they breathe in boron.

Boron is a dietary requirement for a number of organisms, and it plays an important role in mitosis. This applies to green algae, and some higher plant species. Boron deficiencies cause growth problems and difficulties in sugar mobilization. The boron compound that is absorbed most is boric acid. Plants contain 30-75 ppm of boron (dry mass). The toxic mechanism starts at concentrations exceeding 100 ppm. This may decrease crop yield. Grass species tolerate relatively high boron concentrations, but pine species are particularly susceptible. However, trees do require large amounts of boron compared to other plant species. A tolerable boron concentration in soils is approximately 25 ppm. High boron concentrations in water may be toxic to fish species, regarding concentrations of 10-300 mg/L. For water plants mainly borate is hazardous. Boron is not a dietary requirement for vertebrates. Boric acid is mildly water hazardous, but boron halogens are strongly water hazardous. Boron is averagely mobile and is transformed slowly. It may therefore spread rapidly through water. Boron consists of two stable and fourteen instable isotopes.

Humans can be exposed to boron through fruit and vegetables, water, air and consumer products. We have a regular daily intake of about 2 mg and about 18 mg in out body in total. When humans consume large amounts of boron-containing food, the boron concentrations in their bodies may rise to levels that can cause health problems. Boron can infect the stomach, liver, kidneys and brains and can eventually lead to death. When exposure to small amounts of boron takes place irritation of the nose, throat or eyes may occur. It takes 5 g of boric acid to make a person ill and 20 grams or more to put its life in danger. Eating fish or meat will not increase the boron concentrations in our bodies, as boron does not accumulate within the tissues of animals. The human body contains approximately 0.7 ppm of boron, an element that is not considered a dietary requirement. Still, we absorb this element from food stuffs, because it is a dietary requirement for plants. Daily intake is approximately 2 mg. The amount of boron present in fruits and vegetables is below the toxicity boundary.
At a daily intake of over 5 g of boric acid the human body is clearly negatively influenced, causing nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and blood clotting. Amounts over 20 g are life threatening. Boric acid irritates the skin and eyes. Skin contact with boron trifluoride may cause corrosion. A possible correlation exists between the amount of boron in soils and drinking water, and the occurrence of arthritis among people. Both boric acid and borax are applied in medicine in certain amounts. Neutron absorbing characteristics of boron are applied in brain tumour treatment (boron neutron capture therapy).   

Dr. Walia is a fellow of American college of cardiology and board certified in nuclear cardiology. He received his medical degree from the M.B.B.S Government Medical College Punjab, India. His cardiology fellowship was performed at the Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.

He has authored and co-authored a number scientific paper that includes:

1. Aortic rupture: Comparison of three imaging modalities Journal Emergency Radiology Issue Volume 13, published online: 29 June 2006

2. The Diagnosis of Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Multi-Center Randomized Study Comparing Mobile Cardiac Outpatient Telemetry versus Standard Loop Event Monitoring.

3. Investigator for -A-HeFT- Placebo-Controlled Trial of BiDil Added to Standard Therapy in African-American Patients with Heart Failure- published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

4. ACT–The purpose of this registry to produce a prospective, outcome-oriented registry of all patients implanted with an SJM ICD.

5. ULTRA- To reveal a difference in average ventricular voltage output over time for patients randomized to Automatic Capture ON versus patients randomized to Automatic Capture OFF.

6. OMNI- A post-market observational study with the aim of classifying therapy and diagnostic utilization in study participants implanted with study devices and to describe Implatable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)

7. MEDTRONIC P3- To characterize the relationship between subject clinical profiles at implant as well as clinical outcome and clinical management practice patterns.

Jasjit Walia, M.D., M.B.A, F.A.C.C.

Trinitas Hospital, 225 Williamson Street, Elizabeth, NJ

Union Memorial Hospital, Union, NJ

St. James Hospital, Newark, NJ