Severe Biliary Hyperplasia Associated With Liver Fluke and Gastrointestinal Helminthes Infection in an Adult Lama Alpaca in Nepal

Abstract
An adult alpaca (Lama pacos) had a locally extensive area of hepatic atrophy involving the right lobe. Grossly, the atrophic lobe was light tan and firm and contained small, raised, white to yellow, partially mineralized circular nodules predominantly at the periphery of the atrophic tissue. Microscopically, viable hepatocytes were not present in the atrophic [...]