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	<title>Comments on: What are radioisotopes and nuclear medicine, what are they and how do they work? Oh, and connect the 2 terms.?</title>
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		<title>By: LEONARD</title>
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		<dc:creator>LEONARD</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 10 Sep 2010 13:58:57 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>By: Dan S</title>
		<link>http://esnms.com/what-are-radioisotopes-and-nuclear-medicine-what-are-they-and-how-do-they-work-oh-and-connect-the-2-terms/274/comment-page-1/#comment-1395</link>
		<dc:creator>Dan S</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Mar 2010 23:47:05 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Radioisotopes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope) are radioactive materials that can be used as tracers or to deliver a concentrated radioactive dose.

Nuclear Medicine is based on the use of radioisotopes to treat or diagnose.

An isotope (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes) is a not normal form of a specific element, radioactive ones are not stable and decay through radiation.  The radiation is produced from the atomic particles themselves breaking down over time.  This time is measured in half-lives (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-lives).  A half life is the amount of time it takes for a given isotope to degrade to 50% of its original amount.  So if it takes 1 year for 1 ounce of radioactive material to decay to the point where only 1/2 of an ounce is left the material has a half-life of 1 year.

Radiation is usually thought of as a stream of neutrons, but it can also be parts of the nucleus (like alpha particles) or electrons (beta particles).  The gamma radiation is more energetic and destructive.

X-rays are created by a radiation source shot through a person onto a sheet of film positioned underneath or behind them.

The FDA just recently allowed irradiated fruit and vegetables to be marketed; they are exposed to lethal doses of radiation to kill germs.

Cancer is often treated with radioactive materials injected into the area to kill the cancer before killing the person.  Radioactive iodine can be injected and it will concentrate itself in the thyroid.  This can be used to treat thyroid cancer or to treat the mechanisms that send iodine to the thyroid.

Radioactive Carbon 14 is present in every hydrocarbon compound or carbon based life form and is the basis for radiological dating.

A CAT scan is often done with the injection of contrasts or dyes; most are radioactive and provide a clearer image for the x-ray by producing radiation inside of the body.

A recent assassination of a former Russian Agent was done through the use of radiologicals; the radiation gave him massive cancer and killed him in a few days.

A smoke detector uses a radioactive source and a sensor to check for smoke, when the smoke blocks the radiation the sensor detects less radiation and knows that there is smoke in the air.

A nuclear densitometer is used to fire a stream of radiation into the ground to determine how dense it is so you can determine if the ground needs to be compacted before construction can begin.  Both systems typically use Americum )http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americium), but not in amounts that would be harmful if you are exposed to it.

According to Wikipedia:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotopes
&quot;Radionuclides are used in two major ways: for their chemical properties and as sources of radiation. Radionuclides of familiar elements such as carbon can serve as tracers because they are chemically very similar to the non-radioactive nuclides, so most chemical, biological, and ecological processes treat them in a near identical way. One can then examine the result with a radiation detector, such as a geiger counter, to determine where the provided atoms ended up. For example, one might culture plants in an environment in which the carbon dioxide contained radioactive carbon; then the parts of the plant that had laid down atmospheric carbon would be radioactive.

In nuclear medicine, radioisotopes are used for diagnosis, treatment, and research. Radioactive chemical tracers emitting gamma rays or positrons can provide diagnostic information about a person&#039;s internal anatomy and the functioning of specific organs. This is used in some forms of tomography: single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography scanning.

Some Radioactive Isotopes can be really useful nowadays. Cobalt-60 is used to treat tumors and cancer in hospitals. Uranium-235 is used in powerplants.

Radioisotopes are also a promising method of treatment in hemopoietic forms of tumors, while the success for treatment of solid tumors has been limited so far. More powerful gamma sources sterilise syringes and other medical equipment. About one in two people in Western countries are likely to experience the benefits of nuclear medicine in their lifetime.

In biochemistry and genetics, radionuclides label molecules and allow tracing chemical and physiological processes occurring in living organisms, such as DNA replication or amino acid transport.

In food preservation, radiation is used to stop the sprouting of root crops after harvesting, to kill parasites and pests, and to control the ripening of stored fruit and vegetables.

In agriculture and animal husbandry, radionuclides also play an important role. They produce high intake of crops, disease and weather resistant varieties of crops, to study how fertilisers and insecticides work, and to improve the production and health of domestic animals.

Industrially, and in mining, radionuclides examine welds, to detect leaks, to study the rate of wear, erosion and corrosion of metals, and for on-stream analysis of a wide range of minerals and fuels.

Most household smoke detectors contain the radionuclide americium formed in nuclear reactors, saving many lives.

Radionuclides trace and analyze pollutants, to study the movement of surface water, and to measure water runoffs from rain and snow, as well as the flow rates of streams and rivers. Natural radionuclides are used in geology, archaeology, and paleontology to measure ages of rocks, minerals, and fossil materials.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Radioisotopes (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope</a>) are radioactive materials that can be used as tracers or to deliver a concentrated radioactive dose.</p>
<p>Nuclear Medicine is based on the use of radioisotopes to treat or diagnose.</p>
<p>An isotope (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes</a>) is a not normal form of a specific element, radioactive ones are not stable and decay through radiation.  The radiation is produced from the atomic particles themselves breaking down over time.  This time is measured in half-lives (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-lives" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-lives</a>).  A half life is the amount of time it takes for a given isotope to degrade to 50% of its original amount.  So if it takes 1 year for 1 ounce of radioactive material to decay to the point where only 1/2 of an ounce is left the material has a half-life of 1 year.</p>
<p>Radiation is usually thought of as a stream of neutrons, but it can also be parts of the nucleus (like alpha particles) or electrons (beta particles).  The gamma radiation is more energetic and destructive.</p>
<p>X-rays are created by a radiation source shot through a person onto a sheet of film positioned underneath or behind them.</p>
<p>The FDA just recently allowed irradiated fruit and vegetables to be marketed; they are exposed to lethal doses of radiation to kill germs.</p>
<p>Cancer is often treated with radioactive materials injected into the area to kill the cancer before killing the person.  Radioactive iodine can be injected and it will concentrate itself in the thyroid.  This can be used to treat thyroid cancer or to treat the mechanisms that send iodine to the thyroid.</p>
<p>Radioactive Carbon 14 is present in every hydrocarbon compound or carbon based life form and is the basis for radiological dating.</p>
<p>A CAT scan is often done with the injection of contrasts or dyes; most are radioactive and provide a clearer image for the x-ray by producing radiation inside of the body.</p>
<p>A recent assassination of a former Russian Agent was done through the use of radiologicals; the radiation gave him massive cancer and killed him in a few days.</p>
<p>A smoke detector uses a radioactive source and a sensor to check for smoke, when the smoke blocks the radiation the sensor detects less radiation and knows that there is smoke in the air.</p>
<p>A nuclear densitometer is used to fire a stream of radiation into the ground to determine how dense it is so you can determine if the ground needs to be compacted before construction can begin.  Both systems typically use Americum )http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americium), but not in amounts that would be harmful if you are exposed to it.</p>
<p>According to Wikipedia:  <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotopes" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotopes</a><br />
&#8220;Radionuclides are used in two major ways: for their chemical properties and as sources of radiation. Radionuclides of familiar elements such as carbon can serve as tracers because they are chemically very similar to the non-radioactive nuclides, so most chemical, biological, and ecological processes treat them in a near identical way. One can then examine the result with a radiation detector, such as a geiger counter, to determine where the provided atoms ended up. For example, one might culture plants in an environment in which the carbon dioxide contained radioactive carbon; then the parts of the plant that had laid down atmospheric carbon would be radioactive.</p>
<p>In nuclear medicine, radioisotopes are used for diagnosis, treatment, and research. Radioactive chemical tracers emitting gamma rays or positrons can provide diagnostic information about a person&#8217;s internal anatomy and the functioning of specific organs. This is used in some forms of tomography: single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography scanning.</p>
<p>Some Radioactive Isotopes can be really useful nowadays. Cobalt-60 is used to treat tumors and cancer in hospitals. Uranium-235 is used in powerplants.</p>
<p>Radioisotopes are also a promising method of treatment in hemopoietic forms of tumors, while the success for treatment of solid tumors has been limited so far. More powerful gamma sources sterilise syringes and other medical equipment. About one in two people in Western countries are likely to experience the benefits of nuclear medicine in their lifetime.</p>
<p>In biochemistry and genetics, radionuclides label molecules and allow tracing chemical and physiological processes occurring in living organisms, such as DNA replication or amino acid transport.</p>
<p>In food preservation, radiation is used to stop the sprouting of root crops after harvesting, to kill parasites and pests, and to control the ripening of stored fruit and vegetables.</p>
<p>In agriculture and animal husbandry, radionuclides also play an important role. They produce high intake of crops, disease and weather resistant varieties of crops, to study how fertilisers and insecticides work, and to improve the production and health of domestic animals.</p>
<p>Industrially, and in mining, radionuclides examine welds, to detect leaks, to study the rate of wear, erosion and corrosion of metals, and for on-stream analysis of a wide range of minerals and fuels.</p>
<p>Most household smoke detectors contain the radionuclide americium formed in nuclear reactors, saving many lives.</p>
<p>Radionuclides trace and analyze pollutants, to study the movement of surface water, and to measure water runoffs from rain and snow, as well as the flow rates of streams and rivers. Natural radionuclides are used in geology, archaeology, and paleontology to measure ages of rocks, minerals, and fossil materials.&#8221;</p>
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